Hyperkalemia, as an electrolyte disorder, is common among patients with CKD, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, patients using angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Various studies have shown that in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or CKD, hyperkalemia is a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality. Currently available therapeutic interventions to treat chronic hyperkalemia include potassium restriction in the diet, active use of diuretic therapy, correction of acidosis and administration of sodium or calcium polystyrenesulfonate. Potassium binding resins remain the only drugs currently available in everyday clinical practice. Despite the seriousness of the problem of hyperkalemia, there are still not enough clinical studies on the effective and safe treatment of this pathology.

Keywords: hyperkalemia, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, potassium-exchange resins, calcium polystyrenesulfonate