Purpose. To analyze the functional state of the kidneys and changes in the cytokine profile in a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
Material and methods. A cross-sectional study of 177 patients (96 men and 81 women) with an established diagnosis of COVID-19 and pneumonia was carried out. The average age of the examined persons was 48.8±15.2 years. The indices of the calculated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by blood creatinine were studied, and a single portion of morning urine was analyzed. In 101 (57,0%) patients, the parameters of the cytokine blood profile, including interleukin (IL)-6, -10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), were examined.
Results. In the examined group of patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia, the presence of respiratory failure was noted in 41 (23.1%) patients, anemia – in 32 (18.0%), elevated levels of C-reactive protein and cytokines – in 125 (70.6%) and 31 (30.6%), respectively. A decrease in eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was found in 13 (7.3%) patients, a severe decrease in GFR – in 9 (5.0%) patients. An insignificant and moderate slowdown in GFR was noted in 22.0 and 1.1% of cases, respectively. The optimal eGFR level was observed in 125 (70.6%) patients. In the structure of urinary syndrome, persons with hematuria (n=135, 76.2%) and proteinuria (n=57, 32.2%) prevailed. In the urinary sediment of 15 (8.4%) patients, renal epithelial cells were detected. The concentration of IL-6 positively correlated with the level of CRP and fibrinogen, negatively – with the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, the number of erythrocytes, the average hemoglobin content in erythrocytes, and the relative number of lymphocytes. A direct relationship TNF-α concentration was observed with platelet count, absolute lymphocyte count, and proteinuria. An increase in TNF-α concentration was inversely correlated with a decrease in eGFR and urine pH. A close relationship was demonstrated between the concentration of CRP in the blood and the value of eGFR.
Conclusions. In patients with COVID-19 and SARS, hematuria and proteinuria are most commonly reported. Among the study participants, 125 (70.6%) patients had optimal renal function. In general, an eGFR value of ≤89 ml/min/1.73 m2 was recorded in 52 (29.3%) patients, while in 13 (7.3%) the eGFR level was <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. TNF-α is a significant cytokine that affects the indicators of renal filtration function and proteinuria.

Keywords: coronavirus, interleukins, pneumonia, renal function, hematuria, proteinuria