In patients with multiple myeloma, a number of cytogenetic abnormalities with prognostic significance were revealed. Important factors for the unfavorable prognosis in multiple myeloma include del 17p, t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del 1q21, del 13. BRAF, KRAS, NRAS gene mutations characteristic for different malignant neoplasms are also detected in patients with multiple myeloma. New sequencing methods allowed to detect previously unknown mutations of SP140, ROBO1, FAM46C and EGR1 genes in patients with multiple myeloma. Critical to the pathogenesis and prognosis of multiple myeloma is c-MYC, PAX and IRF-4 gene overexpression. The activation of the expression of genes encoding tumor-associated testis-specific antigens, including PRAME, MAGE A1, MAGE A3, NY ESO1, has the prognostic value for multiple myeloma. The immunogenicity of these antigens allows to consider them as a promising target for the development of immunotherapy for multiple myeloma.

Keywords: tumor-associated testis-specific antigen, prognostic factor, deletion, translocation, immunotherapy, mutation, multiple myeloma