Background. Currently, there is an increase in the number of patients with both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Patients with CVD that occur secondary to CKD make up a large proportion of patients being followed-up by both nephrologists and general practitioners. The article presents the results of studies conducted with participation of 356 patients with end-stage renal disease.
Objective. Evaluation if the prevalence and clinical and functional features of risk factors for cerebrovascular complications in patients with end-stage renal disease.
Material and methods. 195 men and 161 women with signs of end-stage renal disease were examined. The mean age of the subjects was 57.5 years (minimum - 18 years and maximum - 87 years). As cerebrovascular risk factors, the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias, lipid metabolism disorders, obesity, carotid atherosclerosis, left atrial (LA) dilatation, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), chronic heart failure (HF), anemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and proteinuria were assessed. In addition, acute-phase blood protein levels were studied. The renal failure severity was assessed based on the serum creatinine and cystatin C levels. The CKD stages were determined by the glomerular filtration rate, which was calculated using the serum cystatin C level.
Results. In patients with end-stage renal disease, the prevalence of CVD was 17.4%. In the structure of CVD, the most common type was chronic cerebral ischemia - 91.9%, the frequency of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes was 29.0 and 11.2%, respectively. In terms of gender, the frequency of occurrence of various types of CVD was higher among females. The prevalence of lipid metabolism disorders was 55.8%. LA dilatation was recorded in 39.6% of patients. The prevalence of LVH and left ventricular systolic dysfunction was 71.6 and 11.2%, respectively. Remodeling of the carotid arteries was noted in 52.5% of the examined patients with end-stage renal disease. In the structure of "renal risk factors" for cerebrovascular disorders, hyperuricemia (48.8%), proteinuria (42.6%), anemia (36.2%) and hyperphosphatemia (23.0%) were common. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertriglyceridemia was 35.9%, 33.1, and 31.7%, respectively. An increase in blood fibrinogen level was detected in 23.0% of patients. An increase in circulating platelets in the peripheral blood was noted in 12.6% of cases, and elevated blood C-reactive protein level was recorded in 23.8% of patients.
Conclusion. In end-stage renal disease, the most common risk factors for the development of CVD are LVH (71.6%), lipid metabolism disorders (55.8%), carotid artery remodeling (52.5%), hyperuricemia (48.8%), proteinuria ( 42.6%), anemia (36.2%), hypercholesterolemia (35.9%), dyslipidemia (33.1%), and hypertriglyceridemia (31.7%).

Keywords: thrombocytosis, hyperphosphatemia, cystatin C, renal failure, hyperuricemia, cerebrovascular disease, risk factors, stroke