There are numerous causes of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: infections, inflammation, ischemia, immunopathology, jatrogens, intoxications, endocrinopathies. Risk factors of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome include fulminant infections, postransplant viral infections, systemic vasculitis, thrombotic microangiopathies, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, pre-eclampsia, paraproteinemia, malnutrition, chronic cardiorenal syndrome, uncontrolled diabetes, hyperparathyroidism with skin and vessels calcification, Addison s disease crises, chronic alcoholic intoxication, drug-induced toxicity. The risk of multiple organ failure correlates with the major disease and its activity.

Keywords: prophylactic, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, risk factors