Currently, the number of people with high and very high cardiovascular risk who need various interventional procedures using contrasts is increasing. The use of contrast agents (CAa) in certain categories of people may be accompanied by specific complications characteristic of interventional procedures. Among the complications associated with the use of CAs is acute kidney injury (AKI). Depending on the definition of complications used, the population studied, and the setting, the reported incidence of contrast-induced AKI ranges from 7 to 11%, with an average additional cost of more than $10,000 associated specifically with hospital stay after the interventional procedure with contras tinjection. According to other data, based on modern definitions, the incidence of contrast-induced AKI ranges from 2 to 30%, and in groups with high risk factors for kidney disease, the incidence reaches 20–30%. Most renal complications of interventional procedures are completely reversible within two to four weeks. The need for renal replacement therapy occurs rarely (from 1 to 4%), of which less than 50% require long-term treatment. In addition to issues of definition and prevalence,this review article also examines risk factors for the development of contrast-induced AKI, both associated with patients and with the interventional procedures themselves.

Keywords: complications of interventional procedures, contrast agents, post-contrast acute kidney injury, contrast-induced acute kidney injury, acute kidney injury, risk factors