2. Aparicio M., Chauveau P., De Precigout V. et al. Nutrition and outcome on renal replacement therapy of patients with chronic renal failure treated by a supplemented very low protein diet. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11(4): 708–716.

3. Aparicio M., Bellizzi V., Chauvean Ph. et al. Keto Acid Therapy in Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Final Consensus. J. of Renal Nutrition 2012; 22: 22–24.

4. Barsotti G., Cupisti A., Barsotti M. et al. Dietary treatment of diabetic nephropathy with chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1998; 13(Suppl 8): 49–52.

5. Bellizzi1 V., Chiodini P., Cupisti A. et al. Very low-protein diet plus ketoacids in chronic kidney disease and risk of death during end-stage renal disease: a historical cohort ontrolled study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30: 71–77.

6. de Brito-Ashurst I., Varagunam M., Raftery M.J., Yaqoob M.M. Bicarbonate supplementation slows progression of CKD and improves nutritional status. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20: 2075–2084.

7. Brunori G., Viola B.F., Parrinello G. et al. Efficacy and safety of a very-low-protein diet when postponing dialysis in the elderly: a prospective randomized multicenter controlled study. Am J Kidney Dis 2007; 49(5): 569–580.

8. Chang J.H., Kim D.K., Park J.T. et al. Influence of ketoanalogs supplementation on the progression in chronic kidney disease patients who had training on low-protein diet. Nephrology (Carlton) 2009; 14: 750–757.

9. Chauveau P., Couzi L., Vendrely B. et al. Long-term outcome on renal replacement therapy in patients who previously received a keto acid-supplemented very-low-protein diet. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90(4): 969–974.

10. Cianciaruso B., Pota A., Bellizzi V. et al. Effect of a low- versus moderate-protein diet on progression of CKD: followup of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 54: 1052–1061.

11. Ciarambino T., Castellino P., Paolisso G. et al. Long term effects of low protein diet on depressive symptoms and quality of life in elderly Type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Nephrology 2012; 78: 122–128.

12. Coresh J., Walser M., Hill S. Survival on dialysis among chronic renal failure patients treated with a supplemented low-protein diet before dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995; 6(5): 1379–1385.

13. Fouque D., Laville M., Boissel J.P. et al. Controlled low protein diets in chronic renal insufficiency: meta-analysis. BMJ 1992; 304(6821): 216–220.

14. Fouque D., Laville M., Boissel J.P. Low protein diets for chronic kidney disease in non diabetic adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 2: CD001892.

15. Garibotto G., Pastorino N., Dertenois L. Nutritional Management of renal diseases. Protein and amino acid metabolism in renal disease and in renal failure. In: Kopple J.D., Massry S., editors. USA: William and Wilkins; 2003; 20–32.

16. Garibotto G., Sofia A., Saffioti S. et al. Amino acid and protein metabolism in the human kidney and in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clinical Nutrition 2010; 29: 424-433.

17. Garibotto G., Sofia A., Saffioti S. et al. Effects of peritoneal dialysis on protein metabolism. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases 2013; 23: 25–30.

18. Ignace S., Fouque D., Arkouche W. et al. Preserved residual renal function is associated with lower oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24: 1685–1689.

19. Di Iorio B.R., Bellizzi V., Bellasi A. et al. Phosphate attenuates the anti-proteinuric effect of very lowprotein diet in CKD patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28: 632–640.

20. Jiang N., Qian J., Sun W. et al. Better preservation of residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis patients treated with a low-protein diet supplemented with keto acids: a prospective, randomized trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24(8): 2551–2558.

21. Klahr S., Levey A.S., Beck G.J. et al. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994; 330(13): 877–884.

22. Kovesdy C.P., Kopple J.D., Kalantar-Zadeh K. Management of protein-energy wasting in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: reconciling low protein intake with nutritional therapy. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97: 1163–1177.

23. Koya D., Haneda M., Inomata S. et al. Low- Protein Diet Study Group. Long-term effect of modification of dietary protein intake on the progression of diabetic nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetologia 2009; 52: 2037–2045.

24. Lee P.D.K., Conover C.A., Powell D.R. Regulation and function of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1993; 204(3): 4–29.

25. Levey A.S., Adler S., Caggiula A.W. et al. Effects of dietary protein restriction on the progression of advanced renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Am J Kidney Dis 1996; 27: 652–663.

26. Malvy D., Maingourd C., Pengloan J. et al. Effects of severe protein restriction with ketoanalogues in advanced renal failure. J Am Coll Nutr 1999; 18(5): 481–486.

27. Masud T., Young V.R., Chapman T., Maroni B.J. Adaptive responses to very low protein diets: the first comparison of ketoacids to essential amino-acids. Kidney Int 1994; 45: 1182–1199.

28. Meisinger E., Strauch M. The influence of two different essential amino acid/keto analogue preparations on the clinical status of patients with chronic renal failure. Z Ernahrungswiss 1985; 24(2): 96–104.

29. Menon V., Kopple J.D., Wang X. et al. Effect of a very lowprotein diet on outcomes: long-term follow-up of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 53(2): 208–217.

30. Mircescu G., Garneata L., Stancu S.H., Capusa C. Effects of a supplemented hypoproteic diet in chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr 2007; 17(3): 179–188.

31. Mitch W.E., Walser M., Sapir D.G. Nitrogen sparing induced by leucine compared with that induced by its keto analogue, alpha-ketoisocaproate,in fasting obese man. J Clin Invest 1981; 67: 553–562.

32. Pedrini M.T., Levey A.S., Lau J. et al. The effect of dietary protein restriction on the progression of diabetic and nondiabetic renal diseases: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124(7): 627–632.

33. Piccoli G.B., Deagostini M.C., Vigotti F.N. et al. Which low-protein diet for which CKD patient? An observational, personalized approach. Nutrition 2014; 30: 992–999.

34. Pijls L.T., de Vries H., van Eijk J.T., Donker A.J. Protein restriction, glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56: 1200–1207.

35. Prakash S., Pande D.P., Sharma S. et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy of ketodiet in predialytic chronic renal failure. J Ren Nutr 2004; 14(2): 89–96.

36. Sallée M., Dou L., Cerini C. et al. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor-activating effect of uremic toxins from tryptophan metabolism: a new concept to understand cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6: 934–949.

37. Sareen Gropper J.S. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. 6th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning; 2012: 194.

38. Scalone L., Borghetti F., Brunori G. et al. Cost-benefit analysis of supplemented very low-protein diet versus dialysis in elderly CKD5 patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25(3): 907–913.

39. Shah A.P., Kalantar-Zadeh K., Kopple J.D. Is There a Role for Ketoacid Supplements in the Management of CKD? Am J Kidney Dis. 2015; 65(5): 659–673.

40. Simon E.E., Hamm L.L. A basic approach to CKD. Kidney Int. 2010; 77:567-569.

41. Smith M.B., March J. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure.Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2001:503.

42. Teplan V., Schuck O., Knotek A. et al. Enhanced metabolic effect of erythropoietin and keto acids in CRF patients on low-protein diet: Czech multicenter study. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 41(3) (suppl 1): 26–30.

43. Teschan P.E., Beck G.J., Dwyer J.T. et al. Effect of a ketoacidaminoacid-supplemented very low protein diet on the progression of advanced renal disease: a reanalysis of the MDRD feasibility study. Clin Nephrol. 1998; 50(5): 273–283.

44. Walser M. Ketoacids in the treatment of uremia. Clin Nephrol. 1975; 3(5): 180–186.

45. Wang D.T., Lu L., Shi Y. et al. Supplementation of ketoacids contributes to the up-regulation of the Wnt7a/Akt/p70S6K pathway and the down-regulation of apoptotic and ubiquitinproteasome systems in the muscle of 5/6 nephrectomised rats. Br J Nutr 2014; 111(9): 1536–1548.

46. Walser M., LaFrance N., Ward L., VanDuyn M.A. Progression of chronic renal failure in patients given keto acids following amino acids. Infusionsther Klin Ernahrung 1987; 14(suppl 5): 17–20.

47. Wesson D.E., Nathan T., Rose T. et al. Dietary protein induce endothelin-mediated kidney injury through enhanced intrinsic acid production. Kidney Int 2007; 71: 210–217.

48. Williams B., Hattersley J., Layward E., Walls J. Metabolic acidosis and skeletal muscle adaptation to low protein diets in chronic uremia. Kidney Int 1991; 40: 779–786.

49. Young V.R. Kinetics of human amino acid metabolism: nutritional implications and some lessons. McCollum Award Lecture. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 46: 709–725.