Эпигенетическая регуляция фиброза почек при диабетической нефропатии: в фокусе – модификации гистонов


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/nephrology.2018.2.68-76

К.А. Айтбаев, И.Т. Муркамилов, Ж.А. Муркамилова, В.В. Фомин

1 Научно-исследовательский институт молекулярной биологии и медицины при Национальном центре кардиологии и терапии МЗ КР; Бишкек, Киргизия; 2 Кыргызская государственная медицинская академия им. И.К. Ахунбаева; Бишкек, Киргизия; 3 Национальный центр кардиологии и терапии им. акад. Мирсаида Миррахимова при МЗ КР; Бишкек, Киргизия; 4 Центр семейной медицины № 7; Бишкек, Киргизия; 5 ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова»; Москва, Россия
Одной из наиболее распространенных причин развития терминальной стадии почечной недостаточности является диабетическая нефропатия (ДН). Фиброз почек, характеризующийся накоплением белков внеклеточного матрикса (ВКМ) в клубочковых базальных мембранах и тубулоинтерстиции, служит конечным проявлением ДН. Сигнальный путь TGF-β (Transforming growth factor beta) запускает эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход (ЭMП), который играет ключевую роль в накоплении ВКМ-белков при ДН. В исследованиях показано, что, несмотря на гликемический контроль, ДН продолжает прогрессировать. Это явление получило название «метаболическая память» и означает, что эпигенетические факторы, в частности модификации гистонов, изменяют экспрессию генов фиброза почек и белков ВКМ, индуцированную TGF-β1, а также участвуют в почечном фиброзе благодаря своим свойствам регулировать процесс ЭМП, вызванный сигналами TGF-β. В связи с этим в настоящее время исследователи предпринимают усилия по разработке агентов, влияющих на модификацию гистонов, с целью задержки, остановки или даже обратного развития ДН. В этом обзоре мы изложим результаты самых последних исследований по регулированию гистоновых модификаций, вовлеченных в патогенез ДН.

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Об авторах / Для корреспонденции


Айтбаев К.А. – д.м.н., профессор, заведующий лабораторией патологической физиологии НИИ молекулярной биологии и медицины при НЦКТ МЗ КР; Бишкек, Киргизия
Муркамилов И.Т. – к.м.н., врач-нефролог I квалификационной категории, ассистент кафедры факультетской терапии КГМА им. И.К. Ахунбаева; Бишкек, Киргизия. E-mail: murkamilov.i@mail.ru
Фомин В.В. – д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии № 1, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» МЗ РФ; Москва, Россия.
Ж.А. Муркамилова – врач-нефролог Центра семейной медицины № 7; Бишкек, Киргизия


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