The article is devoted to the choice of nutritional therapy (NT) and nutritional supplementation in pre-dialysis stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT). Modern data on the prevalence and pathogenesis of protein-energy wasting (PEW) in uremia are presented, early detection of PEW and proper prescription of NT are justified. The options for enteral nutrition with oral nutrition supplementation/supplements (ONS) and their effectiveness in the general population of patients with CKD and PEW, and in different phenotypic groups of PEW are discussed. Specific requirements for modern specific renal ONS are presented. Various combinations of ONS with physical exercises and with using of some other nutritional components are described.

Keywords: intradialytic parenteral nutrition, oral nutrition supplements, enteral nutrition, low protein diet, nutrition supplementation, nutrition therapy, nutritional status, chronic kidney disease