The article is devoted to the current experience of using Roxadustat, the first drug for the treatment of anemia from the group of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor [HIF-PHI]). This review summarizes the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in maintaining adequate erythropoiesis, the mechanism of action of ROX that provides clinical benefit in renal anemia. The main results of large phase III clinical studies and meta-analyses written on their basis regarding the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease, including diabetic origin, both at the predialysis stage and during renal replacement therapy are presented. The pleiotropic effects of roxadustat that have been identified to date are also presented; they should be taken into account when prescribing the drug for the treatment of anemia, and they can be used as new therapeutic approaches for a number of diseases in the future.

Keywords: roxadustat, hypoxia-inducible factor, diabetes mellitus, anemia, diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease